Abstract:
This article is a theoretical reflection on the categories of subject and structure in light of the empirical observations of research I have been conducting on popular movements in the city of São Paulo. The objective is to criticize the assumption that this debate is no longer relevant. Thus, I try to formulate four theses that mediate between the two categories, since the theoretical assumption is that structures do not impede action, on the contrary, they make action possible and, at the same time, action transforms structures, in accordance with the specific aspects of each structure (economic, legal-political and sociocultural) in the capitalist mode of production.

Keywords: Urban popular movements. Structure and subject. Capitalist city.